In "Този закон го знам"
, "този закон"
and "го"
refer to one object, not two different objects. The noun phrase at the front sets the topic; the short pronoun links it to the verb.
Compare neutral "Прочетох отчета"
with "Отчета го прочетох"
: we are now talking about the report, rather than another document. Doubling is very natural for a familiar topic or contrast. Do not add it to every noun.
For a direct object use "го, я, ги" according to gender and number. For an indirect object use "му, ѝ, им"
: "На Мария ѝ обяснихме"
. With experiencer constructions, doubling is often obligatory: "На мен ми харесва"
, "На нея ѝ е студено"
.
The short form does not make the noun a subject: "Отчета го прочетох"
takes the short article. Keep the order "му го", "ѝ я"
: "На Мария ѝ я изпратих"
. Do not assume this is a universal rule across languages.
| допълнение | кратка форма | пример |
|---|---|---|
| закона | го | Закона го знам. |
| книгата | я | Книгата я знам. |
| документите | ги | Документите ги знам. |
| на Иван | му | На Иван му обясних. |
| на Мария | ѝ | На Мария ѝ обясних. |
| на хората | им | На хората им обясних. |
Examples
Този закон го знам, но не знам кога е приет.
I know this law, but I do not know when it was adopted.
Книгата я върнах, а статията още я чета.
I have returned the book, but I am still reading the article.
На Мария ѝ изпратих поканата още в понеделник.
I sent Maria the invitation back on Monday.
На мен ми е интересна местната история.
I find local history interesting.
Отчета го прочетох, но приложението го пропуснах.
I read the report, but I skipped the appendix.
На колегите им го обясних с пример.
I explained it to my colleagues with an example.
For speakers of your language
English often uses just one object expression. Bulgarian "Отчета го прочетох"
makes the report the topic.
Quick quiz
Choose the correct doubling of "книгата"
.
Книгата я върнах.
"Я"matches a feminine singular direct object.
Complete: "На Мария ___ обясних плана."
ѝ
"На Мария"is an indirect object; its short form is
"ѝ".
Choose the correct sentence with the report as its object.
Отчета го прочетох.
The report is the object of reading, so use"отчета"here.
Choose the natural construction for a sensation.
На мен ми е студено.
In this construction, the long form does not replace the required short form"ми".
Keep the two short forms in the correct order.
На колегите им го обясних.
Indirect-object"им"precedes direct-object
"го".
"Книгата я върнах"
refers to two different books.
False
"Книгата"and
"я"refer to the same object.