Learn Bulgarian

Grammar · A1

The definite article

Bulgarian the is glued to the end of the word: "⁠маса → масата⁠".

The article shows that we know which thing we mean. It goes at the end:

  • feminine → -та: "⁠масата⁠", "⁠нощта⁠"
  • neuter → -то: "⁠кафето⁠", "⁠млякото⁠"
  • plural → -те: "⁠ябълките⁠"; if it ends in -а → -та: "⁠децата⁠"
  • masculine → -ът / -а (after -й and some words: -ят / -я)

Masculine: full and short. Full "⁠-ът⁠" is for the subject — the word doing the action: "⁠Градът е голям.⁠" (The city is big.) It is also full after "⁠съм⁠": "⁠Той е учителят.⁠" After a preposition it is short: "⁠Живея в града.⁠" Trick: if you could say "⁠той⁠" (he) instead of the word — write "⁠-ът⁠".

With an adjective before the noun, the adjective takes the article: "⁠голямата стая⁠" (the big room).

РодБез членС член
м.столстолът / стола
м.чайчаят / чая
м.учителучителят / учителя
ж.масамасата
ж.нощнощта
ср.кафекафето
мн.ябълкиябълките
мн.децадецата

Examples

Кафето е много вкусно.

The coffee is very tasty.

Градът е голям и красив.

The city is big and beautiful.

Живея в центъра на града.

I live in the city centre.

Сметката, моля.

The bill, please.

Децата са в стаята.

The children are in the room.

Чаят е за мен.

The tea is for me.

For speakers of your language

Bulgarian the is glued on at the back. There's no word for a/an: just say "⁠маса⁠", or "⁠една маса⁠" when one matters.

Quick quiz

The waiter brings your coffee. Complete:

___ е за мен.

___ е голям.

Отивам в ___.

Add the to "⁠нощ⁠" (night):

Bulgarian has a separate word for the that goes before the noun.

Grammar

Adjectives

An adjective changes its ending to match the noun: "⁠хубав град⁠", "⁠хубава стая⁠", "⁠хубаво кафе⁠", "⁠хубави хора⁠".

A1

Present tense

Bulgarian verbs have no infinitive: you learn the I form and change the ending for each person.

A1