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Grammar · B2

Commands and requests: aspect, negation and pronouns

Choose between a specific task, a general instruction and a prohibition.

The perfective usually aims at one result: "⁠Прочетете въпроса⁠". The imperfective suits an ongoing action or repeated instruction: "⁠Четете внимателно⁠". Context and tone also matter: an imperfective command is not automatically impolite.

For an ordinary prohibition, use "⁠не⁠" + an imperfective imperative: "⁠Не изпращайте⁠". Another option is "⁠недей / недейте да⁠" + an imperfective present-tense form: "⁠Недейте да изпращате⁠". Do not mechanically negate "⁠изпратете⁠".

With a positive imperative, short pronouns follow the verb: "⁠Изпратете ми го⁠". With a negative imperative they precede it: "⁠Не ми го изпращайте⁠"; with "⁠недейте да⁠": "⁠Недейте да ми го изпращате⁠". "⁠Ми⁠" precedes "⁠го⁠".

"⁠Нека⁠" allows a directive for another person: "⁠Нека той провери⁠". For joint action use "⁠Нека проверим⁠". In a formal setting, add "⁠моля⁠"; the polite plural form alone does not guarantee a courteous tone.

задачативие / Вие
един резултатизпратиизпратете
повторениеизпращайизпращайте
забранане изпращайне изпращайте
с «недей»недей да изпращашнедейте да изпращате
с местоименияизпрати ми гоне ми го изпращайте

Examples

Прочетете въпроса докрай, моля.

Please read the question through to the end.

При всяко посещение носете картата си.

Bring your card on every visit.

Не ми изпращайте лични данни в чата.

Do not send me personal data in the chat.

Недейте да затваряте прозореца; още проветряваме.

Do not close the window; we are still airing the room.

Изпратете ми го след срещата, моля.

Please send it to me after the meeting.

Нека първо изслушаме въпроса ѝ.

Let us hear her question first.

For speakers of your language

Aspect carries a distinction English often leaves to context: "⁠пишете⁠" for a process, "⁠напишете⁠" for a result.

Quick quiz

Prohibit sending.

Choose the correct construction with "⁠недейте да⁠".

Ask for one specific file.

Choose a neutral prohibition with two pronouns.

Invite the group to check together with you.

An imperfective imperative is always rude.

Grammar