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Grammar · A2

The imperative: вземи́, вземе́те

Orders and advice have a "⁠ти⁠" form and a "⁠вие⁠" form: "⁠пиши / пишете⁠", "⁠чакай / чакайте⁠".

The imperative gives orders, advice and instructions — you'll hear it a lot at the doctor's and in shops.

Learn the singular and plural commands together. Two common patterns:

  • Examples with -и́ / -е́те: add -и́ / -е́те: "⁠пишеш → пиши, пишете⁠" (write), "⁠говориш → говори, говорете⁠" (speak)
  • -а-/-я- verbs and vowel stems: add -й / -йте: "⁠чакаш → чакай, чакайте⁠" (wait), "⁠пиеш → пий, пийте⁠" (drink)

Irregular but everywhere: "⁠ела⁠" (come), "⁠виж⁠" (look), "⁠дай⁠" (give), "⁠яж⁠" (eat).

Negative: "⁠не⁠" + usually the imperfective verb: "⁠Не тичай!⁠" (Don't run!), "⁠Не забравяй!⁠" (Don't forget!)

Let's: "⁠Хайде да⁠" + verb: "⁠Хайде да тръгваме!⁠" — Let's go!

Short words go after the verb: "⁠Кажи ми!⁠" (Tell me!), "⁠Дай ми го!⁠"

Politeness: the "⁠вие⁠" form + "⁠моля⁠": "⁠Моля, седнете.⁠" — Please sit down.

тивие
пишапишипишете
говоряговориговорете
вземавземивземете
чакамчакайчакайте
пияпийпийте
дойдаелаелате
видявижвижте
дамдайдайте
ямяжяжте

Examples

Вземете една чаша вода.

Take a glass of water.

Ела у нас в събота!

Come over to our place on Saturday!

Моля, говорете по-бавно.

Please speak more slowly.

Не забравяй ключовете!

Don't forget the keys!

Хайде да хапнем нещо.

Let's grab a bite.

Кажи ми, ако имаш нужда от помощ.

Tell me if you need help.

For speakers of your language

English has one imperative for everyone. Bulgarian has two — "⁠ти⁠" and "⁠вие⁠" — like German "⁠komm / kommen Sie⁠". To a stranger always use the "⁠вие⁠" form: "⁠Извинете, кажете ми…⁠"

Quick quiz

Иване, ___ ми чашата, моля!

Госпожо Петрова, ___, моля.

"⁠Don't forget!⁠" to a friend — which is correct?

___ да тръгваме, вече е късно.

"⁠ела⁠" is the imperative of "⁠дойда⁠" (come).

Grammar

Comparing: по- and най-

Put "⁠по-⁠" in front for "⁠more …/-er⁠" and "⁠най-⁠" for "⁠the most …/-est⁠"; "⁠than⁠" is "⁠от⁠".

A2