Do not choose an article by word position. In "Подписан е докладът"
, the subject follows the verb and needs the full article. In "Изпратих доклада"
, the noun is an object. After a preposition use the short article: "за доклада"
.
The full article also occurs in "Това е новият директор"
: the definite phrase forms part of a nominal predicate. The rule is therefore not simply "full article for the subject". Substitute "той"
or "него"
for the relevant whole phrase, but check its syntactic function. Epithets such as "Апостола"
are a special case and do not mechanically follow this test.
Distinguish solid, hyphenated and separate spelling. "Научноизследователски"
is one word; "научно-технически"
combines coordinate stems. "По-добър"
and "най-важен"
contain a hyphen. A sentence dash is a different sign.
The negative particle is separate from a finite verb: "не разбирам"
. "Неразбираем"
names a quality and is written solid. Contrast can require separate spelling: "не ясен, а объркващ"
. Do not turn this distinction into a universal rule for all participles and adjectives. If uncertain, check the whole word and its use in an orthographic dictionary.
| случай | правилен запис |
|---|---|
| подлог след глагола | Подписан е докладът. |
| именна част на сказуемо | Това е новият директор. |
| след предлог | за новия директор |
| слято / полуслято | научноизследователски / научно-технически |
| глагол / прилагателно | не разбирам / неразбираем |
Examples
Подписан е докладът, който чакахме.
The report we were waiting for has been signed.
Това е новият директор на музея.
This is the museum’s new director.
Писмото е за новия директор.
The letter is for the new director.
Екипът подготвя научноизследователски проект.
The team is preparing a research project.
Текстът не е ясен; един абзац е напълно неразбираем.
The text is not clear; one paragraph is completely incomprehensible.
For speakers of your language
The full/short article contrast is a Bulgarian spelling distinction in masculine singular forms; noun position alone is insufficient.
Quick quiz
Complete "Подписан е ___"
.
докладът
The noun is the subject even though it follows the verb.Complete "Това е ___ директор"
.
новият
The definite phrase is the nominal part of the predicate.Complete "Писмото е за ___ директор"
.
новия
The phrase after"за"requires the short article.
Which spelling is correct?
научно-технически
The coordinate stems are joined by a hyphen, not a dash."Неразбирам текста"
is correctly written.
False
The negative particle is separate:"Не разбирам текста".