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Grammar · C1

Idioms: meaning belongs to the whole expression

Recognise fixed expressions and choose settings where they fit.

Do not add up literal meanings. "⁠Стискам палци⁠" wishes someone luck; "⁠вземам се в ръце⁠" means regaining composure. Check the whole expression and the attitude it conveys.

The verb normally changes: "⁠стискам / стисках / ще стискам палци⁠". However, nouns are not freely replaceable: "⁠палци⁠" cannot become "⁠пръсти⁠" in this idiom. In "⁠вземам си бележка⁠", the short pronoun "⁠си⁠" belongs to the pattern. Keep "⁠се⁠" in "⁠вземам се в ръце⁠".

Distinguish an idiom from a proverb. An idiom fits inside a sentence; a proverb expresses a complete lesson: "⁠Капка по капка — вир става⁠". This stresses the accumulation of small efforts.

Context matters. "⁠Хвърлям прах в очите⁠" accuses someone of misleading others; it is not an innocent compliment. In academic writing, prefer precise description. In conversation, one apt idiom is stronger than a string of ready-made phrases.

изразсмисъл
стискам палцижелая успех
вземам се в ръцевъзстановявам самообладанието си
вземам си бележкаприемам забележката и променям поведението си
хвърлям прах в очитезаблуждавам
на седмото небе съммного съм щастлив

Examples

Стискам ти палци за интервюто!

I’m keeping my fingers crossed for your interview!

След първата грешка се взех в ръце и продължих.

After the first mistake I pulled myself together and carried on.

Взех си бележка и вече проверявам датите.

I took the feedback on board and now check the dates.

С тези обещания само ни хвърлят прах в очите.

These promises are just pulling the wool over our eyes.

След новината тя беше на седмото небе.

After the news, she was on cloud nine.

Всеки ден отделям по две евро: капка по капка — вир става.

I put aside two euros every day: little by little, it adds up.

For speakers of your language

English crosses fingers; Bulgarian uses "⁠стискам палци⁠". Learn the Bulgarian image instead of translating the gesture word for word.

Quick quiz

A friend is taking an exam. Which idiom wishes her luck?

Разбрах забележката и си ___ бележка.

Which expression accuses someone of misleading others?

The verb in an idiom can change tense.

Which proverb suits saving small amounts regularly?

Grammar