Learn Bulgarian

Grammar · A1

Personal pronouns

"⁠Аз, ти, той, тя, то, ние, вие, те⁠" — and you often drop them, because the verb already shows who.

Ти or Ви́е?

  • "⁠ти⁠" — to one friend, a child, family: "⁠Как си?⁠"
  • "⁠Вие⁠" — polite, to a stranger or an older person: "⁠Как сте?⁠" Written with a capital letter in messages.
  • "⁠вие⁠" — to several people.

То (it) is for neuter nouns: "⁠Къде е детето? — То е в кухнята.⁠"

Drop them freely. The verb ending already shows who: "⁠Казвам се Иван.⁠", "⁠Живеем в София.⁠" Say "⁠аз⁠", "⁠ти⁠" only for emphasis or contrast: "⁠Аз съм от Варна, а ти?⁠"

Единствено числоМножествено число
1азние
2тивие / Вие
3той, тя, тоте

Examples

Аз съм Мария, а ти?

I'm Maria, and you?

Той е лекар, а тя е учителка.

He's a doctor and she's a teacher.

Ние сме от Украйна.

We're from Ukraine.

Вие откъде сте?

Where are you from? (polite)

Те живеят в София.

They live in Sofia.

Къде е детето? — То е в кухнята.

Where's the child? — In the kitchen.

For speakers of your language

Unlike English, you can leave the pronoun out: "⁠Говоря български.⁠" = (I) speak Bulgarian. "⁠Ти⁠" and "⁠Вие⁠" work like German du and Sie.

Quick quiz

___ сме от България.

Мария и Иван са тук. ___ са приятели.

You're talking about "⁠детето⁠" (the child). Which pronoun?

You must always say "⁠аз⁠" (I) before the verb.

You're writing a message to a client you don't know. How do you write you?

Grammar

Noun gender

Every noun is masculine, feminine or neuter — and its ending usually tells you which.

A1

Plural

Most nouns take -и, neuter nouns take -а or -та, and a few are irregular.

A1