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Grammar · C2

Punctuation: boundaries and meaning relationships

Place punctuation according to sentence structure rather than every pause in speech.

Find clause boundaries. In "⁠Книгата, която ми даде, е тук⁠", the embedded relative clause is enclosed by two commas. The second closes the insertion rather than arbitrarily separating subject and predicate.

Do not split a compound conjunction such as "⁠въпреки че⁠": "⁠Дойде, въпреки че беше уморен⁠". Track limiting words too: "⁠Ще дойда само ако ме поканят⁠" has no comma before "⁠само ако⁠".

Not every "⁠да⁠" takes a comma. None is needed in "⁠Искам да тръгна⁠". In "⁠Ако успееш, да ми се обадиш⁠", the comma closes the preceding conditional clause. Detached phrases also need boundaries: "⁠Докладът, подписан вчера, е изпратен⁠".

Parenthetical "⁠разбира се⁠" is set off: "⁠Той, разбира се, прие⁠". "⁠Може би⁠" is not set off merely for its parenthetical use: "⁠Може би ще вали⁠".

A colon introduces explanation or a list; a semicolon separates more independent parts. A dash can signal an abrupt transition but does not automatically replace every comma. Recheck punctuation after reorganising a text.

строежпример
вмъкнато подчиненоКнигата, която ми даде, е тук.
съставен съюзДойде, въпреки че беше уморен.
уточнено условиеЩе дойда само ако ме поканят.
вметнат изразТой, разбира се, прие.
без огражданеМоже би ще вали.

Examples

Книгата, която ми даде, е тук.

The book you gave me is here.

Дойде, въпреки че беше уморен.

He came although he was tired.

Ще дойда само ако ме поканят.

I will come only if I am invited.

Докладът, подписан вчера, е изпратен.

The report, signed yesterday, has been sent.

Може би ще вали; разходката обаче остава в плана.

It may rain; the walk nevertheless remains on the programme.

For speakers of your language

Do not transfer English restrictive-relative punctuation. Bulgarian "⁠Книгата, която ми даде, е тук⁠" requires both commas.

Quick quiz

Which line correctly encloses the subordinate clause?

Which line keeps the compound conjunction intact?

Which line is correctly punctuated?

Choose the correct punctuation.

"⁠Искам да тръгна⁠" needs a comma before "⁠да⁠".

Grammar