B2 · Unit 1
It seems that…
Distinguish an inference from a report.
New words
inference
trace
conjecture
draw a conclusion
conclude
by all appearances
judging by
to judge by
makes me think
draw an inference
reach the conclusion
indirect evidence
visible indication
logical explanation
payment reference
In a transfer you write what it's for: "Наем за март"
.
The light is off
Elena, a colleague
Лампата е изгасена, палтото го няма. Къде е Никола?
The light is off and his coat is gone. Where is Nikola?
По всичко личи, че си е тръгнал.
It looks as though he has left.
Elena, a colleague
А на бюрото му има три празни чаши.
And there are three empty cups on his desk.
Тук е имало гости, но не знаем кои.
There must have been visitors here, but we do not know who.
Elena, a colleague
Може всичките да са негови. Той често забравя да ги измие.
They might all be his. He often forgets to wash them.
Права си; това беше само догадка.
You are right; that was only a conjecture.
Elena, a colleague
Ще му пиша. По-добре да попитаме, отколкото да гадаем.
I will message him. Better to ask than guess.
Да, после ще имаме и потвърждение.
Yes, then we will have confirmation too.
Grammar
An inference links clues: "Тук е имало среща"
. Keep third-person "е/са": "е работел"
, "са щели да приключат"
. "е пристигнал"
can also be an ordinary perfect; context shows whether you are inferring.
По мокрите чадъри личи, че навън е валяло.
The wet umbrellas suggest it has been raining outside.
Библиотекарката вече си е тръгнала: лампата е изгасена.
The librarian must have left: the light is off.
Това е мой извод, а не нейно съобщение.
That is my inference, not a message from her.
Examples
Ако се съди по следите, работниците са влизали през двора.
Judging by the tracks, the workers have been entering through the yard.
Тук е имало среща: столовете са в кръг.
There must have been a meeting here: the chairs are in a circle.
По всичко личи, че Никола е работел до късно.
It looks as though Nikola was working late.
Не можем да заключим, че всички са съгласни.
We cannot conclude that everyone agrees.
Една следа не е достатъчна за този извод.
One clue is not enough for that inference.
Ако се съди по графика, те са щели да приключат в петък.
Judging by the schedule, they must have been going to finish on Friday.
Какво ви навежда на мисълта, че срещата е отменена?
What makes you think the meeting has been cancelled?