C1 · Unit 1
Academic style
Distinguish observation from interpretation and qualify the strength of a conclusion.
New words
academic style
working hypothesis
empirical data
scope of the study
study group
methodological limitation
observed association
degree of certainty
cautious conclusion
does not necessarily follow
within the scope of
the data indicate
the present study
other things being equal
terminological precision
verifiable claim
summary
hypothesis
conclusion
"Правя извод"
= to draw a conclusion.
operational definition
representative sample
reproducible result
Grammar
Academic style separates observation, interpretation and conclusion. "Данните сочат"
is more cautious than "данните доказват"
. State the study’s scope and what it cannot establish. A term is useful when it makes a claim more precise.
Настоящото изследване обхваща две групи от един квартал.
The present study covers two groups from one neighbourhood.
Данните сочат зависимост, но не доказват причинна връзка.
The data indicate an association but do not prove causation.
Examples
В рамките на този метод не можем да измерим мотивацията.
Within this method we cannot measure motivation.
При равни други условия сравнението би било по-надеждно.
Other things being equal, the comparison would be more reliable.
От наблюдението не следва непременно общо правило.
The observation does not necessarily establish a general rule.
Какво ограничение на метода посочват авторите?
What methodological limitation do the authors identify?
Изследваната група не представя всички жители на София.
The study group does not represent all Sofia residents.
Работната хипотеза подлежи на проверка.
The working hypothesis remains to be tested.
Терминологичната точност помага да избегнем неясно обобщение.
Terminological precision helps us avoid a vague generalisation.
Посочвам колко сигурно е твърдението, без да обещавам окончателен отговор.
I state how certain the claim is without promising a definitive answer.